By Unit
Unit 1
Kinematics
DisplacementΔx = x − x₀
Average velocityv̄ = Δx / Δt
Average accelerationā = Δv / Δt
Velocity with constant accelerationv = v₀ + at
Position with constant accelerationΔx = v₀t + ½at²
Velocity-squared (no time)v² = v₀² + 2aΔx
Position, average velocity formΔx = ½(v₀ + v)t
Unit 2
Dynamics
Newton's Second LawFnet = ma
WeightFg = mg
Friction forceFf = μFN
Newton's Third LawFA on B = −FB on A
Unit 3
Acoustics
Wave speedv = fλ
PeriodT = 1 / f
Unit 4
Work, Energy & Power
WorkW = Fd cos θ
Kinetic energyKE = ½mv²
Gravitational potential energyPE = mgh
PowerP = W / t = Fv
Conservation of energyKEᵢ + PEᵢ = KEf + PEf + losses
Unit 5
Momentum
Momentump = mv
ImpulseJ = FΔt = Δp
Conservation of momentumm₁v₁ᵢ + m₂v₂ᵢ = m₁v₁f + m₂v₂f
Unit 6
Optics
Law of reflectionθᵢ = θᵣ
Snell's Lawn₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
Thin lens / mirror equation1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ
Magnificationm = −dᵢ / dₒ
Constants Worth Memorizing
Acceleration due to gravityg ≈ 10 m/s²
Speed of sound (room temp, dry air)v ≈ 343 m/s
Physics · Project-Based · Mr. Iserloth
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