Astronomy · Unit 6: Life in the Universe & Exploration ·  Problem 6.3.1

The Biosignature Case

Course capstone: is this world worth the follow-up funding, or just an interesting coincidence?  ·  3 in-class days

Pulls TogetherThe Whole Unit

A space telescope just returned the atmospheric spectrum of a newly discovered exoplanet — and buried in the absorption lines are traces of water vapor, oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide, and ozone.

On their own, none of these gases prove anything. Oxygen and methane can both show up without life anywhere nearby. But certain combinations are hard to explain any other way — if you know which ones to look for, and why.

The observatory needs someone to write the actual case: is this world worth the follow-up funding, or just an interesting coincidence in the data? This is also where you make your call for the whole semester — the target, the mission, the argument, is yours to build.

Your Investigation Questions
Q1Which gases actually suggest biology, and which have perfectly good non-living explanations?
Q2What about this planet's size and habitable-zone position supports — or undercuts — the case?
Q3What would you need to observe next to make the case stronger?

This is the assignment — your own planet dossier and spectrum are generated for you on the problem page. Everything in this course was building toward being able to make, and defend, this exact call.

🧭 Plot Summary

This is the capstone for the whole course. You'll get a dossier on one exoplanet: its star, its size and mass, where it sits relative to the habitable zone, and the gases detected in its atmosphere — each with a confidence level. Using a field guide to what each gas could mean, you'll sort the living explanations from the non-living ones, decide which combinations matter, and weigh the planet itself. Then you'll make the call — fund follow-up or not — and defend it, including exactly what would convince you. It pulls from nearly every unit: spectra, stars, transits, habitable zones, extremophiles, and missions.

Resource Map — where each piece comes from

Stuck on one piece of the case? Jump straight to the lesson that covers it.

✅ Self-Check Before You Roll On

Check off each item as you get there. These aren't grades — they're your own signal.